Power fluctuations in high-installation- density offshore wind fleets

Abstract. Detailed simulation of wind generation as driven by weather patterns is required to quantify the impact on electrical grid power fluctuations in offshore fleets. This paper focuses studying high-installation-density fleets since they present a growing challenge operation and planning systems Europe. The Belgian fleet studied because it has highest density installation Europe 2020, new extension expected be fully operational 2028. Different stages future installed capacity, turbine technology, storm shutdown technologies are examined compared. analyzes distribution both overall during high speeds. simulations presented this use Student t-distributed speed fluctuation model that captures missing spectra from reanalysis simulations. An updated plant behavior modern high-wind-speed operation. wake modeling carried out using calibrated engineering capture Belgium its tight farm-to-farm spacing. Long time series based 37 years historical data 5 min resolution simulated extreme fleet-level fluctuations. validation with respect 2018 shows methodology can spatiotemporal characteristics. results show standardized ramps reduced towards 4.4 GW installations due larger distances between plants. most occur speeds, large ramp-downs occurring events. Extreme mitigated technologies, while ramp-ups system operator. ramping events also at below-rated but mitigation such remains for transmission operators.